Hepatitis E - HEV
Hepatitis
E is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus: a non-enveloped,
positive-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus.
The
hepatitis E virus is transmitted mainly through contaminated drinking water.
It is
usually a self-limiting infection and resolves within 4–6 weeks. Occasionally,
a fulminant form of hepatitis develops (acute liver failure), which can lead to
death.
Transmission
The
hepatitis E virus is transmitted mainly through the faecal - oral route due to
faecal contamination of drinking water. Other transmission routes have been
identified,
Which
include,
Ø Food borne transmission from ingestion of products derived from
infected animals;
Ø transfusion of infected blood products;
Ø vertical transmission from a pregnant woman to her fetus.
Although
humans are considered the natural host for the hepatitis E virus, antibodies to
the hepatitis E virus or closely related viruses have been detected in primates
and several other animal species.
Hepatitis
E is a waterborne disease, and contaminated water or food supplies have been
implicated in major outbreaks. The ingestion of raw or uncooked shellfish has
also been identified as the source of sporadic cases in endemic areas.
The
risk factors for hepatitis E are related to poor sanitation in large areas of
the world and shedding of the hepatitis E virus in faces.
Symptoms
The
incubation period following exposure to the hepatitis E virus ranges from three
to eight weeks, with a mean of 40 days. The period of communicability is
unknown.
The
hepatitis E virus causes acute sporadic and epidemic viral hepatitis.
Symptomatic
infection is most common in young adults aged 15–40 years. Although infection
is frequent in children, the disease is mostly asymptomatic or causes a very
mild illness without jaundice (anicteric) that goes undiagnosed.
Typical signs and symptoms of hepatitis
include:
Jaundice
- yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera of the eyes, dark urine and pale
stools);
ü Anorexia - loss of appetite,
ü An enlarged, tender liver- hepatomegaly,
ü Abdominal pain and tenderness;
ü Nausea and vomiting;
ü Fever.
These
symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those experienced during any acute
phase of hepatic illness and typically last for one to two weeks.
In
rare cases, acute hepatitis E can result in fulminant hepatitis (acute liver
failure) and death
Fulminant
hepatitis occurs more frequently during pregnancy.
Pregnant
women are at greater risk of obstetrical complications and mortality from
hepatitis E, which can induce a mortality rate of 20% among pregnant women in
their third trimester.
Cases
of chronic hepatitis E infection have been reported in immune suppressed
people. Reactivation of hepatitis E infection has also been reported in immune compromised
people.
Diagnosis
Cases
of hepatitis E are not clinically distinguishable from other types of acute
viral hepatitis. Diagnosis of hepatitis E infection is, therefore, usually
based on the detection of specific antibodies to the virus in the blood.
Two
additional diagnostic tests require specialized laboratory facilities and are
used only in research studies. These are:
¬ Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to
detect the hepatitis E virus RNA;
¬ Immune electron microscopy to detect the hepatitis E virus.
¬ Hepatitis E should be suspected in outbreaks of waterborne
hepatitis occurring in developing countries, especially if the disease is more
severe in pregnant women, or if hepatitis A has been excluded.
Prevention
The
risk of infection and transmission can be reduced by:
Maintaining
quality standards for public water supplies;
v Establishing proper disposal systems to eliminate sanitary
waste.
v On an individual level, infection risk can be reduced by:
v Maintaining hygienic practices such as hand washing with safe water,
particularly before handling food;
v Avoiding drinking water and/or ice of unknown purity;
v Avoiding eating uncooked shellfish, and uncooked fruits or
vegetables that are not peeled or that are prepared by people living in or
travelling in highly endemic countries.
In
2011, the first vaccine to prevent hepatitis E infection was registered in
China. Although it is not available globally, it could potentially become
available in a number of other countries.
Treatment
There
is no available Allopathy treatment capable of altering the course of acute
hepatitis. Prevention is the most effective approach against the disease.
As
hepatitis E is usually self-limiting, hospitalization is generally not
required. However, hospitalization is required for people with fulminant
hepatitis and should also be considered for infected pregnant women.
Homeopathy Treatment for Hepatitis
Symptomatic
Homeopathy works well for Hepatitis, So its good to consult a experienced
Homeopathy physician without any hesitation.
Whom to contact for Hepatitis Treatment
Dr.Senthil Kumar Treats many cases of Hepatitis, In his
medical professional experience with successful results. Many patients get
relief after taking treatment from Dr.Senthil Kumar. Dr.Senthil Kumar
visits Chennai at Vivekanantha Homeopathy Clinic, Velachery, Chennai 42. To get
appointment please call 9786901830, +91 94430 54168 or mail to consult.ur.dr@gmail.com,
For more details & Consultation Feel free to contact
us.
Vivekanantha
Clinic Consultation Champers at
Chennai:- 9786901830
Panruti:- 9443054168
Pondicherry:- 9865212055 (Camp)
For appointment please Call us or Mail
Us
For appointment: SMS your Name -Age – Mobile Number -
Problem in Single word - date and day - Place of appointment (Eg: Rajini – 30 -
99xxxxxxx0 – Hepatitis – 21st Oct, Sunday - Chennai ), You will receive
Appointment details through SMS
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